New York Colored Orphan Asylum

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. “New York City–Thanksgiving dinner at the Colored Orphan Asylum, Boulevard and One hundred and forty-third Street” New York Public Library Digital Collections, accessed September 17, 2019

Euell A. Nielsen. “The Colored Orphans Asylum of New York (1836-1946),” BlackPast, November 11, 2017
This article includes an account of the orphanage being stormed by Irish mobs and burned to the ground in an 1863 race riot.

Jane Weir. “What Happened at the Colored Orphan Asylum?” American Spectator, July 19, 2019
This article disputes the accepted narrative of the 1863 attack and fire.

Report of the Special Committee on the Alleged Increase of Dependent Children in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx during the year 1898
The Special Committee concluded that the dramatic increase in the population was because children who lived outside Manhattan and the Bronx were being enrolled in the system.

Ales Hrdlicka, M.D. Anthropological Investigations on One Thousand White and Colored Children of Both Sexes, the Inmates of the New York Juvenile Asylum, with Additional Notes on 100 Colored Children of the New York Colored Orphan Asylum (1898)
Hrdlicka’s study closely monitored children and collected ‘racial data’ on their physical measurements to determine whether they were abnormal or inferior to the general population.