Resources

BOOKS & ARTICLES

• Browne, Frederick W. Paper of Frederick W. Browne, Second Lieut. 1st U.S. Colored Cavalry, of Cincinnati, Ohio, Read Before the Ohio Commandery of The Loyal Legion, March 4, 1908.
• Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865. New York: Longmans, Green, 1956.
• Downs, Jim. Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
• Forbes, Ella. African American Women During the Civil War. London: Routledge, 1998.
• Glathaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York, The Free Press, 1990.
• Gladstone, William A. Men of Color. Gettysburg: Thomas Publications, 1993.
• Hunter, Tera. To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.
• Lardas, Mark. African American Civil War Soldiers in the Civil War, USCT, 1862-66. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2006.
• Manning, Channing. Troubled Refuge: Struggling for Freedom in the Civil War. New York: Vintage, 2017.
• McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.
• Munden, Kenneth W. & Henry Putney Beers. The Union: A Guide to Federal Archives Relating to the Civil War. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 2004.
• Newby, Cassandra L. “The World Was All Before Them:” A Study of the Black Community in Norfolk, Virginia, 1861-1881 (dissertation). Williamsburg: The College of William and Mary, 1992.
• Paquette, William. “Lower Tidewater’s Black Volunteers,” Readings in Black & White: Lower Tidewater Virginia. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Public Library, 1982.
• Plante, Trevor K. “The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers,” Prologue, Spring 2004, Vol. 36, No. 1 | Genealogy Notes
• Prechtel-Kluskens, Claire. “Anatomy of a Union Civil War Pension File,” NGS NewsMagazine 34 (July– September 2008): 42–47.
• Regosin, Elizabeth Ann. Voices of Emancipation: Understanding Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction Through the U.S. Pension Bureau Files. New York: New York University Press, 2008. 
  
• Shaffer, Donald R. After the Glory: The Struggles of Black Civil War Veterans. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004.
• Shaffer, Donald and Elizabeth Regosin. “Union Pension Files Giving Voice to Former Slaves,” Prologue, Winter 2005, Vol. 37, No. 4.
• Taylor, Amy Murrell. Embattled Freedom: Journeys through the Civil War’s Slave Refugee Camps. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018.
• Varhola, Michael J. Everyday Life During the Civil War: A Guide for Writers, Students and Historians. Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest Books, 1999.
• Washington, Reginald. Black Family Research: Using the Records of Post-Civil War Federal Agencies at the National Archives, Reference Information Paper 108. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 2010.

ONLINE SOURCES

• African American Civil War Memorial & Museum
• Fort Monroe
• Lest We Forget: African American Military History by Historian, Author, and Veteran Bennie McCrae, Jr.
• Library of Virginia – James I. Robertson Jr. Civil War Sesquicentennial Legacy Collection
• National Cemetery Administration: Hampton National Cemetery
• National Park Service – The Civil War: Soldiers & Sailors System
• The United States Army Heritage & Education Center
• Virginia Museum of History & Culture – “An American Turning Point: The Civil War in Virginia Men of Color, To Arms?
• Virginia Sesquicentennial Civil War Commission 2010 Signature Conference “Race, Slavery, and the Civil War,” [morning session]

MAPS

• “Mapping the Freedmen’s Bureau” by Angela Walton-Raji and Toni Carrier
• Virginia’s Civil War Trails
  

BLOGS & WEBSITES

• “Beginning United States Civil War Research” and “Union Pension Records” by FamilySearch.org
• “Freedom by the Sword: A Historian’s Journey Through the American Civil War Era” by Jimmy Price
• “Reclaiming Kin” by Robyn Smith
• “Sacred Ground, Sacred History: African American Cemeteries of Tidewater Virginia and North Carolina” by Nadia Orton
• “The USCT Chronicle: Telling African American Civil War Stories of Soldiers, Civilians, Contrabands, First Days of Freedom, and the Events that Led to Freedom” by Angela Walton-Raji 
  

Updated November 10, 2021